Occupational Health and Safety Management System Development

Occupational Health and sentry go Management System DevelopmentINTRODUCTION1.1 BackgroundIn recent years, there have postgraduate number of occupational death and injury to occur in store. This number of occupational slash not only slander for worker. This also is a greatly move the productivity of society. Follow the Government statistics result in 2005, there have HK$ 1.02 billion compensation to injury worker and their family.This table are gift the number of fortuity are decrease from 35,986 to 33,652 is decreasing compare with one year. what is more in stinting centering, after accident are also affect team morale, feeling and productivity. Under the statistics result to find that ab let on 1.7 million sick leave day after occupational accident to carry on the economic loss. In individual way, not only physic everyy damage for worker. In psychology way, are also charters to pay more time to recuperation and step by step to build up their functional feeling to rep air the productivity.To pared the number of occupational accident and injury in store and workplace. destiny to evaluate and analyses more detail before setup the workplace. So that why we need to depend on Occupational refuge and wellness guidance forms. impart technical simulation, research and analytic thinking the normally convey of injury and accident from unsafe workplace, surroundings, insufficient gum elastic facility, un golosh working behavior with worker. In material body 2 are separate to three main perseverance field to harbor more easily to evaluate and put on technical comparison and contrivance to analysis the selective information to diagnose some decisionBefore to analysis and evaluate the cause of occupational accident. Firstly to study occupational guideline and appraise cause to evaluate the authority judges in the existing or in fortify workplace environment. In Fig 3 are describe the electromotive force hazards in site are damage to the worker. Cause the accident are the mild steel board are pressing to his leg. thus organize the grievous safeguard and occupational watchfulness specific form for specific work place. This mean not all-occupational precaution scheme backside in full satisfy for all warehouse and workplace.But interest the previous case, In real develop to analysis their right golosh attitude and his working method from worker and streetwalker is very difficult to know. So need to really understand specific workplace for different condition and different ways. For example Occupational accident touchs human, tools or machine and workplace. In human way, require knowing worker or employee working background, enough safety aware intimacy and operation experience for employer reference. Furthermore in extraneous ways are also become factor to affect the employee working performance. It toilette include working duration temperature, actual workplace, and placidity time are really enough l eave behind for employee to reduce mental fatigue. Try to study those follow up oning factors to establish for the occupational safety and wellness organization for different working area. thusly to use this effective human and environment data to redesign or rearrange to reduce or pr issue the occupational accident and improve the confident for their job.Our goals have been try to really know the main cause depends on operators perspective and his working experience. Furthermore can take this knowledge or experience to establish solid know rump to prevent or reduce the occupational accidents in warehouse or industry field and improve to high specimen of occupational and wellness in Hong Kong.1.2 AIMSThese aims of the final year project are introduce the occupational and oversight schema in warehouse and to analyze this oversight schema for some simulation approach.1.3 OBJECTIVES1. To develop and set up a safety and wellness guidance system.2. To in positive(predicate) the major(ip) cause of occupational accident in warehouse.1.4 METHODOLOGYTo satisfy the intentions, this report can divide into two offends. The first part is bespeak major data from our warehouse. The second part is using the result to improve the safety and health care for warehouse.In the first part, we step by step to collar and research some data from the working location. We need to record the working behavior and observe their working process to analyze their working sequence. And then base on their working process to find out which working process give cause occupational accident. That following data I allow collect from my part time job location in the garment warehouse. And I depart develop the safety and vigilance system to help for this warehouse to reduce number of accident.This following data for case study pull up stakesing show into next part, such as causes of accident, working environment. For these case studies, warehouse supervisors and staffs are wond er from survey Questionnaire. From this questionnaire will list number of attainable cause can lead the occupational accident. The survey result will show in the following chapter.1.5 OrganizationThis case study is divided into eight chapters and following the sequence to satisfy the project objective. Then will list the introduction of content.Chapter One designChapter One is introduces the background, objective, aims and methodology of the case study in the listed chapter.Chapter Two Literature ReviewChapter Two will separate into six sections, in the first part will overview different type of stages of safety and health commission system. System structure, simulation, and implementation.Chapter Three System DesignIn chapter three will show my possible system design. Firstly to collect the real data, set out some case analysis and use simulation software to simulate the cause of accident. The method will show in this following chapter.Furthermore, the format of the survey q uestionnaire is shown in the below. Then the possible cause of accident will also list in the publications followup. This purpose can fulfill the achievement for the objective. Which criteria of accident cause will choose more detail in this chapter and fulfill objective 1.Chapter Four resultant role Survey QuestionnaireChapter four will list the following result and problem finding from the questionnaire. Depend on the serious mistake and then analysis the result. Then will present the survey result into this chapter. From the analysis result to calculate the mark and using statistical method to present which condition will easily to have occupational accident. This following result can satisfy the objective 2.Chapter Five DiscussionIn Chapter five, It will group some similar data from each survey. According the relevant result or pattern of warehouse accident cause. afterwards that to following the average to arrange the importance level from workers feedback. succeeding(a) part of this chapterChapter Six ConclusionChapter Six is the final chapter for evaluates the analyzing result. Depend on the result and develop the commensurate occupational and safety management system for this warehouse to prevent accident to make worker injury.Chapter 2Literature Review2.1 IntroductionThis following aim for this chapter are show the literature review connect for the occupational and safety health management system, cause of occupational accident for real case. Firstly to divide into two part. One part is Cause of warehouse occupational accident and next part is safety and health system.As the cases are depend on various components and different situation will make different warehouse accident occurrence,Moreover are included some tasks with workplace design, implementation, and outcome will be discussed.In the next part, these purposes for make a summary for different types and possible accident in the warehouse and notice in the different literatures. Then w ill categorize this possible cause, and make expatiate revision for different cause to find out the cause of accident in warehouse.2.2 Definition of Terms2.2 Definition of Occupational rubber eraser and Health DefinitionsA definition of safety and health operator in the working area with cross-disciplinary have safety facilities, protection, and health for the worker. The goal is provide the safe working environment for all occupational fields.The purpose is protecting for the employer, employee, client, and workers family, supplier, public and community work by the work place. Such as public health field, occupational medicine, ergonomics, industrial field in production factory, warehouse, bring inion site.2.3 Definition of precaution and Health Management SystemOccupational safety and health management system is consolidation management method to reduce happen in work place.It followed safety guidelines and re set aparts this process need to teamwork support and management leadership to monitor the status.Depend on different business organization to form based conclusions and various results. And require higher exercising rate of the safety and management system than type selected. It should be provide good atmosphere for implement the occupational safety and health to implement and practices.2.4 Structure of Safety and Health Management SystemStructure of Safety and Health Management System are divide into SIX main criteria is Planning, growing, Organizing, Implementing, Measuring and Reviewing.2.4.1 PlanningPlanning is occasion to evaluate which criteria should be to complete. Firstly to bump which safety and health task should be suitable to support in warehouse and use relevant Safety and Health Management Regulation. Then will accord sequence for the safety and health object to design and achieve that. Furthermore need accomplish this safety object may be lead to arise the financial and usage of resource.Secondly, for the management team ne ed to determine the sign stage to analysis for existing safety and health system to make are some lay outs. Then will make some estimation to define the priorities of working process for risk management control and hazard reduction. After will setup the bars for the system outcome. Later should be make regular status perspicacity to analysis for the safety and health system in the daily process.Additionally, there are detail to show how to define the initial status analysis, regular analyses and risk estimation is shown as follows a) Initial status analysisThis is a measuring step to find out exist job location are focus the importance of the safety and health business for the initial in the warehousing in progress. It should be first time to setup done in the safety management system depend on the proprietor of the working process.Furthermore, the employer should provide enough facility to worker for the Safety Management Regulation properly.b) Regular status analysesAfter opera te initial status analysis, employer need to keep regularly applying the improving safety and health management system in warehouse continuously. The safety officer or supervisor should be consort the scope and regularly to apply assessment for analysis to be following The problem findings / safety and health management system revision Introduce usage the new technology Rearrange in management of organizational structure.c) Risk EstimationThis aims for planning task, risk estimation is apply to test and establish the data file for overall risk in warehouse operation Then the problem findings will apply into the formula to create the risk reduce strategy, assign the safety and health object and set up the performance standards and object priorities.Basic procedure in risk estimation include as follow1) Classify of potential hazardsThis is procedures of classify all-important and potential hazards are related into working process and need to concern the damage of the user.2) Evaluati on for riskThis is the procedure of the evaluation for specific subject of risk with every potential hazard that suppose each facility are in control in workplace, and mold the effective task and the result of their failure.Then need to concern if the risk assessment have some tolerance, if the tolerance occur, the supervisors need input into record which in or out of the statutory standard are also need to transform to international approve standards. If the risk can met or lower for the suitable level that will take it into tolerance counted.After the potential risk evaluation, there is elimination and reduction task to classify and for control purposei) frame-up safety and health process and potential control standardThe safety and health process should be no tolerance during the exploitation.ii) Maintenance and Carry out the safety and health processIt should be appropriately to support and implement the Safety and health process and risk control. In the other hand, risk manag ement control should be kept in effective.iii) Review of safety procedures and risk control measuresRegular review is obligatory for safety process and risk control. Need to be keeping in suspect way check the system isnt in function. When the critical change occurs is also related.After the risk assessment will discuss into next part.3) Assign person for implementationThe safety officer or supervisor needs to select a reliable staffor worker to implement analyses in progress and risk assessment.This reliable person should have(a) Make sure this person should be keeping the system in progress.(b) Provide a technical training course and practice to earn the management experience.2.4.2 DevelopingThis is a process to how to achieve the safety and health management system1) Following this status, the warehouse supervisor need to be understandably explain approval safety and health policy and document with specific objective in the initial planning status and make sure that policy invol ve this following agreement i) To accomplish a high quality standard of safety and health to promise tomet minimum requirements and regular to practice to keep in highperformance.ii) The first line supervisor should be have indigenous responsibilities to create the occupational safety and health system to keep in progress.iii) Offer enough resource to carry out the systemiv) Make sure acquaintance, maintenance the system, carry out the system for each level of management system.v) Ensure each worker can provide sufficient safety knowledge and training to work for their job and responsibilities.vi) Provide the regular review the management system.2) Implement the safety and health system by the supervisors should be provides and arranges effective management planning for specific objective.i) Distinctly direction to lead to supervisor and manager cooperate with worker to achieve the specific target of the safety and health management system.This safety and health management system s hould be setup in the industrial and warehouse undertaking for first line management team, collect whimsy and more helpfully for safety and health individually. All worker and different grade of manager should be participating for each stage of safety and health system. Not fixed format of the safety plan for how detail and pattern.Furthermore, the plan should be describe the policy of the safety plan, specific objective and which level of standard can be accomplish, measuring level. Then the key point should be set it outa) Fully preparation for supervises the management plan to be success.b) Apply the management system should be implement and well prepare each component into industrial field.c) The responsibilities should be properly to assign into safety and health system.For necessary use, it should be include safety guidebook, method statement, and safety manual. Every level of managers, supervisors and worker should clearly understand the plan and their duty and focus in impl ementation. Developing the effective sharing system in structure.Lastly, safety and health plan need to fixed period to revise or review to improve the system more effective.2.4.3 OrganizingThis is a communication and sharing procedure of the relationship between user and resources control in the working structure to complete their goal. The proprietor should be have-to doe with for relevant industrial is neededi) Fully synthesized in the industrial field and apply into each process bydifferent size of jobs.ii) clutch to provide enough money and can suitable fit the comp bothsize and characteristic for policy in progress should be suitable todeveloping and maintaining the parts of the safety and healthmanagement system.iii) It should be organize by have industrial field experience staff to set upand provide practice more efficient and effectively.To from a similar industrial fieldiv) To assigned responsibilities of safety and health for each staff.iv) To assign the operation for t he safety member, a safetydepartment/unit/group (safety officer means a person employed as a safety officer in an industrial undertaking under the Factories)vii) Need to offer authority to implement their safety and health responsibilitiesviii) Make a meeting to sharing the occupational and safety and health information more effectively.2.4.4 ImplementingThis is the process of carrying out or applying the practice and training into accomplish the specific purpose. Make sure that have enough manipulate and relevant control for the performance followed in the management plans.Follow this step, the employer of a relevant industrial field is neededi) To evaluate and carry out the plan to classify the risk and then can fulfillthe legal standard as well to mention the safety management.ii) Need to provide enough monitoring and make sure that plan caneffectively to carry out.iii) Well prepare and keep providing adequate documentation work torecord and keep checking the management progress in the work place.iv) Well design the emergency system plans for special situation and keep itsystem into critical precedence.2.4.5 MeasuringThis is a process for checking the management system performance to against legal standard to let them know where has potential risk need to control and improve.Furthermore to let them know which objective can fulfill the objective or not. In this measuring part, this part will derive the feedback system for this stage for system development and implementation and then to invoke ability of the system maintain to reduce the risk and continues keep it efficiency. Following this stage, the proprietor of an industrial field is neededi) to implement the monitoring review, such as, hardware inspections (for example machine, plant and building) and software inspections (such as human, working process and working system),ii) Especially for supervisors, team leader have responsibilities to compactly monitor the performance of the safety and health management systemiii) To implement the monitoring of the potential hazard management control, such as supervise of occupational accident, health display demonstrator and near misses.iv) To make decision for the immediate situation of performance and classify the potential causes and to involve for the system design and system operation of the safety and health management.v) To correct whichever situation identified during in the monitoring and checking process.vi) During the observation procedure to develop and carrying out status to continuously to get the opinion information to improve the safety and health management system in working operation.2.4.6 ReviewingThese mean to implement to estimate performance in regular monitoring of safety and health management system. Auditing is construct the feedback systeminto planning stage which to enhance, maintain and establish more effectively to prevent the risk occurs.In addition, the information sharing and flowing into the planning, d eveloping implementing and maintenance stages. In the other hand, reviewing stage also can make sure that working process be correct of the safety and health management system.Following this reviewing stage, the employer of warehouse field is neededi) To periodic a safety auditor or safety officer to regularly present safety audits review with sections 13 or 19 of the Safety Management Regulation.ii) To setup facilities, safety information for the safety officer review proposes of safety regular evaluate harmonize sections 14 or 20 of the Safety Management Regulationiii) When safety review assessment hand-in to take the appropriate action, such as design the safety and management plan improvement and carrying out the management system in sections 16 and 22iv) Regularly to receive the opinion information from the safety assessment and audit for modify the planning, developing, organizing and implementing stages to step by step to improve the safety and health management system in wor king procedure.Safety and Health management system model can be diagram summarized for the followingManagement modelto develop, implement and maintain a safety management systemFig.4 Safety and Health Management Structure ModelLegendInformation LinkControl LinkChapter Three System DesignIn chapter three will show my possible system design. Firstly to collect the real data, make some case analysis and use simulation software to simulate the cause of accident. The method will show in this following chapter.3.1 sentry duty CONCEPTThe purpose of this section to make a basic introduction of the safety system concept and indicate some methods by different potential hazard can be produce. This is very important for the system users and system maker of the safety simulation to clearly know the concept of safety and expect which type of risks are show in the simulation. As you know, there are no fully dependable way to prevent hazard during the working process of safety and health system.S afety concepts difficult for each people fully understand. But we can also say liberty for working place situation can make body damage, death, tools and equipment damage. So we try to develop the safety system to make safe completely, but quondam(prenominal) design safety system is need to concede system performance and function for some design change.If we following to apply the system into warehouse, the safety system to be effective, but the system are also have some footsteps of risk can need accept. After that will be have more interrelate with external condition, then the remnants if risk will need to keep going to solve from safety system. It reminds that no any system can fully to prevent all the risk from safety system, no matter what the system is really outstanding can manage external condition and worker actions are also cannot perfectly to reduce all accident in warehouse.On the other hand, if insert too many of safety characteristic into safety system may be affect the original goal for the warehouse. The level of safety function is needed to concede based on the level of accident.The potential hazard caused by the people, tools and equipment and working condition are mixed together to make a possible to occur. Such as, a potential hazard apply in normal procedure, but the working area are existing a number of worker will cause high hazard for the worker.3.2 System design lay outFig 5 The Safety SystemIn this warehouse environment, this is mixed system that includes people, working process, workplace, and product. in that respect also are important criteria for this process. That complicated system is involving high frequency of interaction with external working environment.This system can apply into different way of workplace to define number of potential risk. Contrarily, we can apply the result and data to demonstrate and analysis the number of potential hazards. Then apply this system to prevent and reduce the high potential risk.3.3 Basi c Accident ModeAccident is an unexpected event during in working process that also causes unexpectable damage for worker, destroy the production process, and may be loss the action during the process. Furthermore, we find that result basically in control mechanisms, potential hazards, working exposure and showtime of implementation, that following long chain criteria to from accident.In unsophisticated way can define that has potential hazard situation, then to start implement the event, that following the event order to acquire the result form accident. In real situation, that potential risk is existing, but we can control by a number of verifying control mechanisms.Fig 6 Basic Accident ModeIn the accident model way the accident appears in accident model way, this means the control mechanisms are failure. The model of Basic Accident had shown in Fig 6.Later will present more complicated model with number of accident chains with different potential risk situation to pass through and number of control mechanisms by passed when the accident appear. in that location is the complicated model to show in basic accident mode and try to indicate the point during into the number of effect in accident control to analysis to prevent the get hold of accident appearing.Fig 7 Loop of Accident FeedbackFigure 7 present the loops of feedback and identify what is suitable way to manage the safety and health system. After we receiving this opinion and according this follows mechanisms to classify for the information system for safety purpose. And each criteria insert into accident chain and is a chance to indicated the potential risk, reported the accident details and apply the control mechanisms to reduce the unsafe and potential hazard.The function of loop A is provide the minimum requisition for safety system and construct the accident reports to show the details and unwanted incidents. But this posting may not actually to prevent in the initial accident and not sometime to make a good effect to avoid the accidents occur in the future for insert into the statistical analysis to solve the system of safety and health management issue.The loop B is normally lower frequency to carry out and open-heart and regularly to report of dangerous acts. There are the precursors for the accident, Loop B can assign for the safety control.Loop C and Loop D are commonly more operative and apply for the pro officious safety and health management and for classify potential hazard circumstances in the early status during in the chain. That following significant concept is suitable for simulation condition, and partly cause for technical accidents.Two important fail identification applied in active and latent in the basic concept in this model. inception the design, establish and operate the safety and health simulation system.A. There is meaning of the mistake or to contravene will have contrary effect immediately. These active failures are normally to relate into th e worker activity during in the safety and health management system. These modes of active failures are not historied to apply into the system during into decision making in not approval.B. On the other hand, there is some decision-making and some operation which to make the condition without immediate reaction. They create this condition will to hibernate in long period of time till to touch off the action when the accident to appear. These means the latent failures are famous able to apply for the system from the operator to take out from the operation immediately.3.4 Potential put on the line management and control flowWhen a number of risk and hazard occur can be to calculate for reduce, prevent and easily to control. Figure 8 plates in a risk identify method process. It clearly to show that can fully satisfy the requirement to reduce and prevent the hazard appears from the system design, but if cannot satisfy for different criteria to manage the potential hazard. There are fol lowing ways had be provide, provide the system training for the system users and setting the warning system for notice the users.Fig 8 Hazard preventable FlowchartHowever, if can classify the potential risk can be maximize to eliminated and to spread the possibility for long remain. These can transfer the remnant risk to safety and health system operator for control.Fig 9 Change of Remnant and Unclassified hazardAs shown the diagram 9, the remnant risks are mixed into classified hazard which to consider that acceptable. Then the cognitive risks are transfer to users, they indicate for them to manage the document and link up to users.3.5 Criteria FOR SIMULATION SAFETYThis is a large size of safety and health guideline for applies into the simulation area.a) The judgements and care the safety and health simulation by authorized people.b) Provide safety support and safety advice in working place and other working area.c) Through latent and active failures to introduce in the comprehens ive condition.d) Comprehensive working environments can advise their working area have owned potential risk as simulation the sickness and prevent the negative training.e) Need to mention the software and resources to reapply for new system and other new working objective.f) When issue the simulation need to concern the backgrounds of workers can select their different safety attitudes and standards, and safety technique level. It can prevent the hazards during the safety simulation system.Fig 10 Life Cycle SystemThe capability system can operated and progress through the life cycle and therefore included five phases. This process in the beginning stage for classify from new capability and obtain from proceeds, services support.Then the safety simulation needs to concern the life cycle for system complete. Under the safety and health system are need to prepare the life cycle of the simulation system.3.6 Key of Safety controlThe simulation life cycle are treat are involved a number of tasks. When processing the system is need to planning in the beginning stage for test and analysis activities. Apply this safety and health management system is demand to tone ending through all existing stage of simulation life cycle. Furthermore, also have number of safety and health management activities are also involve for different phase of a life cycle system are shown in Fig 10.And detail define total safety and health management events are need to documented information, and involve a number of management activities are applying independently. Then will applied in unfailingly method is base on balls through to organization. Following the pre-determined planing of the safety and management activities to present the systematic format.Fig 11 Safety Activity for each Life Cycle stageSafety Activity to be involved the Life Cycle stageStage 0Stage 1Sage 2