British Pound of Sterlings - 1025 Words

The birth of the currency The pound is 1200 years old, born about 775AD, when sterlings or silver coins were the main currency in Anglo-Saxon kingdoms. If you had 240 of them, you had one pound in weight - a vast fortune in the 8th century. A century and a half later Athelstan, the first King of England, founded a series of mints and made sterling a national currency in 928. In 1124, a disgusted Henry I had 94 mint workers castrated for producing bad coins. Sterling retained importance through the middle ages. Before the foundation of the Bank of England, the Tower of London was the store for spare money. Silver penny were the only coins right through until the 13th century and silver was the currency standard till the 18th†¦show more content†¦After the war, rumours swirled that sterling was to devalue, and so many countries converted their pounds to dollars. The pound was devalued by 30 per cent in 1949. The enormous postwar balance of payments deficit was just too much for the UK. Sterling s weakness and decline became too obvious. National banks wanted dollars not pounds. Not a penny less: the 1967 Devaluation In 1967 the currency wasdevalued again, this time by 14 per cent. Overseas, the sterling currency was of lesser importance. Dollars were more alluring - and as many thought stable. But in 1971 President Nixon devalued the dollar - a response to damage done by the Vietnam War - and opened the gates to a new era of floating exchange. The stability of the postwar settlement was over. The currency snake Meanwhile 1972 saw the first efforts to fix the pound to other European currencies. At the start of the year the four major European Economic Community currencies - sterling, the deutschemark, the French franc and the Italian lira - formed the so-called snake . The economic bloc then floated their currencies together on the markets, each country having responsibility for the stability of its currency within parameters. The experiment failed, though, not long off the ground. Sterling dropped out after only six weeks, weaker than ever, bowing to the dictates of the markets. ERM to today Since 1992 the pound has floated free although the Government hasShow MoreRelatedU.S. Semiconductor Ltd.Case Study1036 Words   |  5 Pageskept producing their products domestically and delivered them to UK by plane. British firms also confronted exchange risk due to the difference between import costs and sales revenues. This case mainly involves the discussion on the method of debt funding. Discussion Learned from the analysts commands, there are two financing alternatives: through a five-year loan in USD at 8% per year or take a loan in pound sterling at 12% per annum. Both the difference of interest rates and the volatility ofRead MoreU.S. Semiconductor Ltd.Case Study1028 Words   |  5 Pageskept producing their products domestically and delivered them to UK by plane. British firms also confronted exchange risk due to the difference between import costs and sales revenues. This case mainly involves the discussion on the method of debt funding. Discussion Learned from the analysts commands, there are two financing alternatives: through a five-year loan in USD at 8% per year or take a loan in pound sterling at 12% per annum. Both the difference of interest rates and the volatilityRead MoreHistory Of Colonial New England Colonial Policy Essay1564 Words   |  7 Pagesbacking the paper bills, as opposed to a shock to the money supply was the rationale for inflation of colonial New England currency. New England colonial paper currency will be the predominant focus, but this paper will also examine the Pennsylvania pound. New England colonial currency experienced a considerable amount of inflation in the latter years of 1740. This can be attributed in part to large amounts of paper money issuance and the funding of King George’s War. Alternatively, this essay willRead MoreThe Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets1056 Words   |  5 Pageswhich have an important impact on the profitability of financial institutions. 15. How does a decline in the value of pound sterling affect British consumers? It makes foreign goods more expensive and so British consumers will buy less foreign goods and more domestic goods. 16. How does an increase in the value of the pound sterling affect American businesses? It makes British goods more expensive relative to American goods. American businesses will find it easier to sell their goods in the UnitedRead MoreSpeculative Bombing : Speculative Attack2034 Words   |  9 Pagesa speculative attack in which the government was forced to withdraw their currency. Black Wednesday happened on September 16, 1992 after the British government was unable to keep the pound above its agreed lower limit in the European Exchange Rate Mechanism. George Soros, one of the speculators, made over 1 billion pounds in short selling the British Sterling. Before Black Wednesday When the European Exchange Rate Mechanism was starting up, the United Kingdom had initially declined to join. ThisRead MoreThe Economics of Money, Banking, and Financial Markets1072 Words   |  5 Pageswhich have an important impact on the profitability of financial institutions. 15. How does a decline in the value of pound sterling affect British consumers? It makes foreign goods more expensive and so British consumers will buy less foreign goods and more domestic goods. 16. How does an increase in the value of the pound sterling affect American businesses? It makes British goods more expensive relative to American goods. American businesses will find it easier to sell their goods in the UnitedRead MoreMacroeconomic Affect On Uk From Long Term And Short Term Sides1590 Words   |  7 Pagesagreement after 2 years even the time may be extended. The European process has aroused strong concern in the world, the results have also been the uproar of the world, a variety of evaluation and attention has been following consistently. Obviously, British economy will be changed; whether it is long-term or short-term, and there must also exit some advantages and drawbacks back this time of leave European. This essay will analyse macroeconomic affect on the UK from long-term and short-term two sidesRead MoreRising Inflation in the UK1384 Words   |  6 Pagesproduction costs†¦ result[ing] [in] the purchasing power of money fall[ing]’ (Collin:101) is quickly becoming a problem for the government of the United Kingdom in these post-recess ion years. The economic recovery, essential to the wellbeing of the British economy, may be in jeopardy as inflation continues to rise, reducing the purchasing power of the public. This, in turn, reduces demand for goods and services, and could potentially plummet the UK back into recession. This essay discusses the causesRead MoreExorbitant Privilege : The Rise And Fall Of The Dollar1569 Words   |  7 Pagesdisadvantage of relying on the sterling as the banks in London preferred it over any other currency. Eichangreen presents this history in order to show just how far away the dollar was from its current status. This is important because it shows that America did not always have a powerful currency and in fact, that the dollar was quite weak originally. It also highlights that the previous currency that was considered the strongest was the sterling. However, the sterling did not have the same privilegeRead MoreThe African Ghana Empire1365 Words   |  6 Pagesfighting to gain c ontrol took place over the next centuries. In 1642 the Dutch captured Elmina, sending the Portuguese back home. By the 1700’s slave trade is extremely popular throughout the southern kingdoms, weapons and goods are traded by the British for enslaved Africans, these slaves are shipped across the Atlantic ocean, a cruel action that leads to an equally brutally journey. The inhumane treatment and travel takes more than five weeks to arrive in a new world where the survivors will continue

The Roman and U.S. Military - 1490 Words

The Roman Republic military was one of the first well-organized military of all time. Because of this, most succeeding militaries follow their example by adopting and adapting some of the same characteristics. The Roman and U.S. military are from different eras, but still share similar characteristics as well as vast modernized differences that have established the U.S. military as efficient and organized. Separating a military into unique specialized forces increases efficiency and the Romans knew that. The Roman legions consisted of: â€Å"10 cohorts to one legion, six centuries to one cohort, 10 tents to one cohort, eight soldiers to one tent, 120 cavalry† (Lloyd, 2013). The Roman formation was the triplex acies, which was the hastati,†¦show more content†¦The U.S. military uniforms are completely different from the Roman Republic; nothing is the same except for the use of a helmet. Warfare has changed since the ancient times and with that change, what soldiers wea r for protection had to change as well. The consistency of the same soldier is to maintain experienced soldiers. Constantly training new soldiers is a waste of time and money. Nations worldwide for every era understood the concept of a time in which soldiers must serve in the military. In the Roman Republic, it changed throughout the years. At first soldiers had to stay for six years with ten years nonconsecutive. Later it was changed to twenty years, but after the sixteenth year, the soldier was considered a veteran. The final change was twenty years with an additional five years as a veteran (Southern, 2006). Even though the Romans were very strict on the soldiers, the army was superior to any other nation because of this consistency in soldiers. The U.S. military is vastly different with their length of service. Citizens can be in the military for active or inactive duty, they can also be in the reserves where they would only be deployed if necessary. Soldiers can also have contr acts depending on the branch for two, four, six, or eight years. Soldiers can also do tours of duty for a length of time. There is also the possibility of having a long time career in the military. The U.S. military has a larger span of options to choose from for the length ofShow MoreRelatedSimilarities And Differences Between Greece And Rome1457 Words   |  6 Pages The two vocal points I feel strongly about are both their military and leadership. When talking about their militaries we have two of the strongest forces to ever grace the earth. When talking about their respective cultures we are talking about beliefs that spread nationwide. These are the similarities and differences between Greece and Rome. If there was anything that Rome and Greece where known for it was there brute military and ruthless violence that brought both empires to the topRead MoreCivilian Control Of The Military1386 Words   |  6 PagesCivilian control of the military is very essential in order to have a strong and successful form of government. If all of the major political decisions were up to the military, many wrong decisions might be made and it would have a poor effect on the society. Military commanders may not have all of the necessary knowledge of the situation to make the most beneficial decisions, and many problems would likely end in war and violence. Also, one person would not always see every aspect of the situationRead MoreClassical Rome And Classical Greece1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthe contemporary United States. The political system of Classical Rome was the base of the United States’ political system. Even though the founding fathers were also influenced by Classical Greece, Romans’ political system was developed to govern a larger population (Rome vs. US). The Romans were the ones to develop a form of government known as republic. In this type of government, officials are elected to govern the state and to represent the voters. Unlike the Greeks, which developed democracyRead MoreHannibal’s Tactical Defeat of The Roman Army at Cannae Essay1226 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween the Carthaginian general Hannibal and the larger Roman army under the command of consuls Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Gaius Terentius Varro, in 216 B.C., still serves as one of the most influential tactical battles in history. Two enemy forces were to face off using very different tactics. The Roman Empire had succeeded in amassing a staggering 50,000 or greater number of infantry troops and a dispu ted 6,000 cavalry troops. The Roman army was to use its vast numbers to subdue the smaller numberedRead MoreEssay on Hannibal’s Tactical Defeat of the Roman Army at Cannae1319 Words   |  6 PagesThe Battle of Cannae, between the Carthaginian General Hannibal and the larger Roman army under the command of Lucius Aemilius Paulus and Gaius Terentius Varro in 216 B.C. serves as one of the most influential tactical battles in history. Two enemy forces faced off using very different tactics. The Roman Empire had succeeded in amassing over 50,000 infantry troops and an estimated 6,000 cavalry troops. The Roman army planned to use its vast numbers to subdue the smaller numbered forces of theRead MoreEvolution Of The Purpose And Power Of Roman Military1701 Words   |  7 PagesPurpose and Power of the Roman Military In the lifetime of Rome, from a monarchy to a republic, and also its final days as a empire, it has shown to be one of the world s most powerful military forces against almost any enemy it faced, despite the losses that followed. Also that in the history of Rome has show to use the military as an instrument of power to gain leverage in the political status and standing of Rome. Throughout its history and different tactics it used, the Roman Army was shown toRead MoreGreek and Roman Concepts of Citizenship and Government1361 Words   |  6 PagesGreek and Roman Concepts of Citizenship and Government Joe Wickenden, Sarah Dowling, Ginger Snyder, Leone Hansen HIS/341 October 27, 2014 Joel Getz Greek and Roman Concepts of Citizenship and Government The definition of citizenship in Greek and Roman cultures can be described much differently than the current democratic definition of contemporary nations. The Roman Empire differed from the Athenian Amphictyony and the Assyrian Empire as well as the sunder later emperors such as VespasianRead MoreThe Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire Essay1396 Words   |  6 PagesA Review of Edward N. Luttwak, The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire from the First Century A.D. to the Third. Edward Luttwak’s The Grand Strategy of the Roman Empire from the First Century A.D. to the Third gives a militaristic analysis of the tactics used by the Roman Empire while also highlighting parallels between Rome and contemporary U.S. military policy. Luttwak divides his book into three chapters, a chapter for each of the 3 identified systems; the first chapter discusses Rome’s useRead MoreWhy Was The Fall Of The United States Fall773 Words   |  4 PagesIt’s distressing to think about, but yes, I do think the U.S. will fall like Rome did. The problem is the mistakes that happen near the peak of prosperity and are only visible with the benefit of hindsight. Rome eventually fell because of Goth and Vandal invasion, power struggles, economics crisis, and other political troubles. The fall of the United States is unlikely to be an invasion, but rather a devaluing of government institutions, diverging regional and cultural groups. All backed by strongRead MoreTh e Tradition Of The Century Viking Wars993 Words   |  4 Pages1. Many of the Air Force’s customs, traditions, and procedures are traceable to the earliest warriors. The dining-in is one such military tradition that has its roots in the distant past. The pre-Christian Roman Legions probably began the dining-in tradition. Roman military commanders frequently held great feasts to honor individuals and military units. These get-togethers were victory celebrations where past feats were remembered and loot of new conquests paraded. The second century Viking war lords

Caryl Churchill (1686 words) Essay Example For Students

Caryl Churchill (1686 words) Essay Caryl ChurchillWho is she and where did she come from? Caryl Churchill is one of Englands mostpremier female, post-modern playwrights. She has strived throughout her careeras theatrical personality to make the world question roles, stereotypes andissues that are dealt with everyday, like, violence, and political and sexualoppression. She has been part of many facets of performance throughout heralmost sixty year career. Not only has she been a strong force on the stage, buthas also had strong influences with radio and television. She is truly atalented woman dabbling in not only a Brechtian style of theatre that has beencommented on time and time again, but also musicals of a sort. Churchill wasborn in London on September 3, 1938. She lived in England until the age of tenwhen her family moved to Canada. There she attended Trafalgar School in Montrealuntil 1955. At this time she moved back to England to attend Lady Margaret Hall,Oxford University. This is the key place that her career began. While studyingEnglish at Oxford she took an interest in theatre. She wrote her first threeplays while at the university. Where has she been? Radio plays When her careerin theatre and performance started at Oxford she began the first phase in hercareer. She was very focused on sounds and voice. Her first three plays,Downstairs, 1958; Youve No Need to be Frightened, 1959; and Having a WonderfulTime, 1959. All three of these plays, extremely focused on sound, propelled hercareer into radio. For the next ten years she concentrated her energy solely onradio plays, starting off with The Ants, which she, herself, thought of itas a TV play, but my agent Margaret Ramsey sensibly sent it to radio(Kritzner16). This focal point gave her many advantages in this time in hercareer. Most important, of course, was its openness to new playwrights. Inaddition, it offered an unusual freedom in that it placed few limits onlengthFinally, radio had already proved its potential for serious drama(Kr itzner 16). During the time of her writing for the theatre and hersounds phase, she was looking outward, investigating new places forher to take her art. She wrote a few stage plays during her radio stint, none ofthem being produced. She re-wrote some of her radio plays and eight of them wereproduced between the years of 1962 and 1973. She then moved on to televisionplays. She became very unsatisfied with it very quickly, commenting thatTelevisionattracts me very much lessIt has the attraction of a largeaudiences and being the ordinary peoples medium and not being the sort ofeffete cultural thing that no one ever pays any attention to anyway. But as anactual medium, as a physical thing that happens, I dont find it anything likeas exciting myself as the stage. I do like things that actually happen. (Kritzner45). It was then time for her to make a change. Stage plays After a dozen yearsof writing primarily for the radio, Churchill finally made her move to themainstage. She wrote Owner s for Micheal Codron. The play was produced by theRoyal Court Theatre in 1972. Her career went uphill from there. She becameassociated with a sphere of the sometimes conflict-ridden but alwayspolitically daring and artistically committed theatre often referred to simplyas the Court (Kritzner 61). Churchills reputation became paired with theRoyal Court. She became the first female resident dramatist, and later help withthe Young Writers Group program. During her time at the Royal Court she wrotemany plays, still focusing a great deal on sound and voice. At the same time asshe held position of resident dramatist, she also worked at other theatres andwith other groups. She founded the Theatre Writers Group, now known as theTheatre Writers Union, and had works produced by Joint Stock Theatre Group andMonstrous Regiment. Historical plays During her previous playwriting time shehad been very centered in time around her present. Starting a new phase in hercareer in the mid-1970s, she began to look at history and place her plots inappropriate time frames to make her objective, within each play, more vivid. Evil in Women and its Effect on Macbeth EssayOnce again it takes the role of a dramatic device to further the action and thethoughts of the audience. The characters, without Clive, in the second act tryto find out their own roles pertaining to themselves instead of dependent on aWhite, male figure telling them who they are.. This play is steeped withqualities and devices that help Churchills point ring with clarity. Where didshe go? Revisiting the Past After the acclaim of Cloud Nine Churchill made yetanother change to her style. She became focused on a broader range, dealing nowwith social critique instead of the feminist-socialist approach of earlier inher career. Her works during this phase, namely Top Girls, Fen, and SeriousMoney, showed her revisiting past personal styles and revising them. It showedher extracting elements from both the epic and personal areas of theatre,reshaping traditional devices, and melding all of these factors into a trulyoriginal style (Kritzner 138). These plays tend to have a lesser approachof optimism than those previous in her career, but she continues to question theset up of society. Revising Myth Revision of myth, as I have found, is a typicalelement in most feminist writings. The analysis and re-analysis of theconstruction of modern day thought is a device widely used. This was Churchillsnext implement. She wrote A Mouthful of Birds and Ice Cream under this style. Alicia Ostriker, a writer of mythical poetry, wrote that there are three mainreasons why women writers go towards the mythological side of life. to betaken seriously as a writer, to get at something very deep in herself, and torelease an imprisoned meaning not yet discovered in the previous versions of themyth (Kritzner 172). As far as many critics have found, this showsChurchills renewal of interest in the combination of personal experience andpolitical analysis and the knowledge of there inseparability of reason andemotion (Kritzner 172). Now Since her last known movementChurchill is still writing plays and changing her style. She has writtenmusicals and many plays with two unrelated acts that somehow are intertwined. She continues to question society with such works as Blue Heart, Hotel, and HotFudge. BibliographyAsahina, Robert. The Hudson Review, XXXIV 1981. Churchill, Caryl. Cloud Nine. Pluto Press, Ltd. London, 1979. Kritzner, Amelia Howe. The Plays of CarylChurchill. St. Martins Press, NY, 1991. Wandor, Michelene. FreeCollective Bargaining, Time Out, 30. March-4 April 1979.

Alignment To The Culture Of The Host Country †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Positive And Negative Relationships Between The Success Of Multinational Companies And An Alignment To The Culture Of The Host Country. Answer: Introduction: A company that operates in several nations but is managed from the home country is known as a multi-national company. As stated by Kostova et al. (2016), these companies derive at least a quarter of their revenue from its business operations outside of its home country. The approach of going multi-national is undertaken by many organisations in order to take advantage of certain benefits that are offered in the host countries. Those countries where a particular company enter and start doing business are called the host countries. These benefits can include cheap labourers, better market opportunities or the reason could be a mere expansion of the company to create worldwide presence of the company (Deresky 2017). When a company enters the host country, the company has to align its business operation and activities to the culture of the host country because the company uses the labour of the country as well as carries out its business in that particular country. Therefore, in doing so , aligning with the culture of the host country becomes an important point of consideration. Project Objective The objective of the project can be stated below: To evaluate the factors that creates a negative or positive impact on the multi-national companies when it comes to aligning its business with the culture of the host country. To find out the impact of the culture of the host country on the business operation of the multinational companies. To recommend better ways to improve the relationship of the multinational companies with the host countries based on the culture of the host country. Project Scope: The scope of the project is to find out the positive and the negative relationship between the success of the multi-national company and the alignment with the culture of the host country. The project can come up with better approaches that would benefit the multinational companies in operating in major other countries. The scope of the project is to find out the importance of the culture of a nation and to understand how the culture of a country can actually affects business of an organisation. This will create a clear image how the business activities are carried on in a multi-national organisation and how the culture of a country can actually affect the business activities of an organisation (Deresky 2017). The success of a company is always measured on the economic development of the company and its success rate in the profitability of the company. The ability to succeed in an international market is always defined on the basis of the ability of aligning the business of the organ isation with the culture of the country where it operates (Zhang and Harzing 2016). Thus, this particular project gives a clear understanding on how the success of a company can be achieved if the company align its business activities keeping the cultural aspect of the country into consideration. This particular project will highlight the same aspect of the business. Literature Review: Importance of culture of the host country for a multinational company: In the journal, Kostova et al. (2016) has defined the concept of culture of a country. According to Kostova et al. (2016), culture of a country defines the way the people of the country actually do things. It is the force that is set based on certain rigid set of parameters that are expected to be adhered by the people or the organisations working in the particular country. Culture resembles the religion that is followed by the people or the taste of music or clothing. Culture is a national identity and it has vital role to play in any such activity that is related to the people or the country. If the case of the multi-national companies is taken into consideration, it has to be said that when a company operates in another country apart from its homeland, it is important to consider the culture of the people of the host country as well. It is the only way of understanding the people of the country and how well the particular company can operate in that particular business environment . As stated by Zhang and Harzing (2016), the world has globalised and in the age of globalisation where the companies are no longer keeping themselves confined within a particular area or country but is going global. In such cases, culture of the host country plays an influencing role in an expressive form. It has to be understood that globalisation has even accelerated and intensified the flow of capital, labour as well as information. In order to homogenising the impact of the globalisation, it is important to cope up with the culture of the people of the particular hot country as well. In the article, Bcker et al. (2014) has highlighted how India and China have grown up to be the hub for hiring employees for the major multinational organisations from UK and USA. Considering the easy availability of skilled and cheap labour as well as the market size and demand, many organisations have been found to expand their business in these two countries. In doing so, these companies have defin itely considered the importance and the impact of the culture of these countries. Again, Bcker et al. (2014) commented that if these companies do not abide by the culture of these host countries, the success of the companies remain in turmoil condition. Impact of culture of host country over the multi-national companies: As commented by Harzing and Pudelko (2016), it has been quite a long time when the only objective of a multi-national company is just to follow the legal regulations of the host country in order to stay immune in the area of operation. There was no such scope of undertaking the importance of the culture that is followed in the host country because this factor does not fall under the consideration of making profitability of the company. When a company expands its business operation overseas or utilises the labourers those are available in the host company, it is equally important to consider the culture of the host country because the culture will have some positive or negative implications on the multi-national company. In the view point of Kostova et al. (2016), culture of a country is its intrinsic property and it definitely impact any activity that is associated with the culture of the country. The number of countries that are going global is very high. Every company or organisati on is finding better ways and opportunities to expand its business that would eventually lead to greater profitability of the business (Zhang and Harzing 2016). In such activities, the companies will have to face certain challenges in its business activity; aligning with the culture of the host country is one such challenge that is often faced by many companies in its business operations. In order to create a positive impact of the culture of the host country over the multinational organisation, it is important to carry out a detailed investigation of the particular market or the host country and then formulate the business strategy accordingly. It would provide a better opportunity for the multinational companies to operate in the host country. In this respect, Beugelsdijk et al. (2014) added that the expansion of an organisation takes place for various reasons, but culture of a country plays a vital role in overall business activities. The importance of considering the culture of the host country becomes important if the company wants to target the population of the country as their target market. For instance, when a product based company want to expand its business in other countries considering better market opportunities, the importance of understanding the culture of the people or the country becomes very important (Froese et al. 2016). For other reasons like u sing the labours or the space of the country, understanding the culture of the country might not hold great importance but it help to avoid certain unnecessary problems or conflicts that can occur at later stage of the business activity (Zhang and Harzing 2016). Thus, no matter what remains the purpose of entering into a host country of a multinational company, conducting a detailed research of the market and abiding by the culture of the organisation is important. Positive and negative effect of following the culture of the host countries on the multinational companies: The major motives of the multination companies to go global and operate in some other countries are either to use the labours of the particular country or to expand its business in global boundaries. In both the cases, culture of the country holds great importance and the multinational companies are expected to abide by the culture of the host country in order to avoid any kind of problems or issues that might take place while operating in the particular business market. In the view point of Deresky (2017), placing culture at the heart of the business activity will promote integration in the society. The business strategy of an organisation also includes the business strategies. Organisational culture is also a part of the business strategy that helps to integrate the people or the employees of the organisation. Thus, shaping an organisational culture should remain the primary priority at the time of setting the organisational strategy. As commented by Lu et al. (2014), if an organis ation operating in another country fails to adopt the culture of the host country, the company has to suffer. The reason behind this is that the employees, market and even the consumers are from the host country and so it is important to go alike with the culture of the country. Failure to this will lead to loss of uniqueness of the local culture that might lead to exclusion of the company and can even result in conflict among the companies and the communities. Thus, keeping a balance of the entire practice of setting the organisational culture by following the culture of the host country is important (Zhang and Harzing 2016). In the article, Narula and Pineli (2016) have argued that it is not always necessary to align the corporate culture or abide by the culture of the country where the particular organisation works. Keeping this point under consideration, same has provided the example of how Apple Inc. Works in the market of China. It has been pointed out that the Companys main operation in China is to manufacture the parts of the phones and other devices (Froese et al. 2016). In such cases, the company has a manufacturing hub and the process is carried on there. Thus, there is no such importance of abiding by the culture of the country as its business activities are limited to a particular operation area. However, there should always be a sense of responsibility and adaptability among the organisation in order to carry out the organisational activities in a decent and peaceful way (Beugelsdijk et al. 2014). Failing to which will lead to mismanagement and at times can lead to conflict among the employee s and the organisation as well (Harzing et al. 2016). It might be difficult for an organisation to align with the dominant culture of the host country but in the age of globalisation, these problems are no longer considered to be challenging enough and that the organisations have to come up with better strategies to operate in other foreign lands. Conclusion The findings of the literature review have lead to the conclusion that aligning the organisation activities of a multinational company with the culture of the host country is a vital component. In fact, in order to carry out the business activities in another country, it is expected to carry out a detailed research on the host country and then aligning the business activities according to the culture of the country. If this is done by the multinational companies, there would remain better chances of survival of the company in the host country and at the same time it would be able to fulfil its business objectives as well. References: Beugelsdijk, S., Slangen, A., Maseland, R. and Onrust, M., 2014. The impact of homehost cultural distance on foreign affiliate sales: The moderating role of cultural variation within host countries.Journal of Business Research,67(8), pp.1638-1646. Bcker, J.J., Furrer, O., Poutsma, E. and Buyens, D., 2014. The impact of cultural intelligence on communication effectiveness, job satisfaction and anxiety for Chinese host country managers working for foreign multinationals.The International Journal of Human Resource Management,25(14), pp.2068-2087. Deresky, H., 2017.International management: Managing across borders and cultures. Pearson Education India. Froese, F.J., Kim, K. and Eng, A., 2016. Language, cultural intelligence, and inpatriate turnover intentions: Leveraging values in multinational corporations through inpatriates.Management International Review,56(2), pp.283-301. Harzing, A.W. and Pudelko, M., 2016. Do we need to distance ourselves from the distance concept? Why home and host country context might matter more than (cultural) distance.Management International Review,56(1), pp.1-34. Harzing, A.W., Pudelko, M. and Sebastian Reiche, B., 2016. The bridging role of expatriates and inpatriates in knowledge transfer in multinational corporations.Human Resource Management,55(4), pp.679-695. Kostova, T., Nell, P.C. and Hoenen, A.K., 2016. Understanding agency problems in headquarters-subsidiary relationships in multinational corporations: a contextualized model.Journal of Management, p.0149206316648383. Lu, J., Liu, X., Wright, M. and Filatotchev, I., 2014. International experience and FDI location choices of Chinese firms: The moderating effects of home country government support and host country institutions.Journal of International Business Studies,45(4), pp.428-449. Narula, R. and Pineli, A., 2016.Multinational Enterprises and Economic Development in Host Countries: What We Know and What We Dont Know(No. jhd-dp2016-01). Henley Business School, Reading University. Zhang, L.E. and Harzing, A.W., 2016. From dilemmatic struggle to legitimized indifference: Expatriates host country language learning and its impact on the expatriate-HCE relationship.Journal of World Business,51(5), pp.774-786.